Business study case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business - Case Study Example Google Incorporation’s working framework. Also, the organization had been perceived to be among the main five producers of cell phone around the world. The organization had confronted numerous difficulties from other cell phone producing organizations which incorporate Nokia, Samsung just as Apple among others (Yoffie, Alcacer and Kim, â€Å"HTC Corp. in 2012†). From the gave case, it has been perceived that Mr. Dwindle Chou is resolved to be a hero who is the CEO of HTC. Mr. Chou arranged with the top supervisory group to offer better cell phone items in the market with the goal of improving the money related execution just as seriousness of the organization. In such manner, the CEO is required to devise designs just as systems for separating its items with the goal of giving better rivalry to its business rivals in the market. The choices to be made in such manner were the significant worry for the CEO. HTC started the matter of assembling items through agreements since the year 2000 just as was isolated into two significant sections which incorporate unique plan producer (ODM) for marked organizations giving handset just as creating telephones which depend on remote system administrators. In such manner, HTC acted in an effective just as fruitful way. Mr. Chou had wiped out the bureaucratic structure of the organization with the goal of helping representatives of the organization to work their activities in a progressively community way. Later on, Mr. Chou had wanted to fabricate handsets with the brand name of the organization so as to develop its business on universal point of view. The main concern was as for monetary just as promoting viewpoints. In this specific circumstance, the organization had intended to create inventive and quality items for giving better serious items in the different market portions. The organization had worked together with Google Android just as with Microsoft to contend in the market

Industrial Relations Practices Essay

This part looks to audit the contemplations of different specialists on mechanical relations rehearses in state claimed associations. The intention is to have a reference as far as what others accept and see comparable to mechanical connection and its practices in state claimed associations utilizing Ghana as a contextual investigation. State-Business Relations and Economic Performance in Ghana by Charles Ackah, Ernest Aryeetey, Joseph Ayee and Ezekiel Clottey In their official synopsis, Charles Ackah, Ernest Aryeetey, Joseph Ayee and Ezekiel Clottey, discussed the way that connection between the state and business network in Ghana had changed since autonomy. Despite the fact that every legislature has had unmistakable relations with business and private divisions, non military personnel governments have by and large advanced and appreciated great compatibility with the business network while military governments particularly during the 1980s have would in general have encounters with the private area. Their investigation utilized a multi-disciplinary methodology that included both subjective and quantitative parts of the controls of political theory, financial matters, history, human science and authoritative administration. They were looking to comprehend what comprises powerful state-business relations, and to evaluate how state-business relations are identified with financial execution, their investigation depended on authentic institutionalist inductive hypotheses near verifiable examination and way reliance, among others. For their investigation, their examination depended on both essential information, from interviews with chosen formal and casual undertakings and administrative offices inside Ghana, and their optional information were gotten from a survey of legal writing, for example, the Constitution of Ghana, Acts of Parliament, Statutes, Codes, Contracts, rules and methodology and shows building up organizations. Their motivation was to look at the attributes of formal and casual guidelines and guidelines overseeing the foundation and activity of remote and indigenous organizations, how these have developed after some time and how they may have affected financial execution. For their quantitative financial examination, their investigation utilized a board of 256 Ghanaian assembling firms over the period 1991-2002 to dissect the degree to which a successful state-business relationship is valuable to monetary execution. Concentrating on all out factor efficiency, they discovered that a successful State Business Relations (SBR) or a sound speculation atmosphere corresponds decidedly with better firm execution, perhaps diverted by means of a progressively ideal portion of assets in the economy. Concerning the impact of the speculation atmosphere pointers, their outcomes demonstrated that a ‘unfriendly’ venture atmosphere represented through firms’ recognitions about financial and administrative strategy vulnerability influencing their tasks and development are adversely related with profitability. Concerning the SBR measures, they found that interpersonal organizations as demonstrated through the degree to which firms or their supervisors include close contacts inside the administration or administration had a measurably constructive connection with firm execution. Their outcomes showed that being all around associated with the individuals who make and execute government approach expands the odds of having the option to campaign to beat a portion of the challenges standing up to typical business undertakings, for example, the quantity of techniques it takes to get licenses and allows and the quantity of days it takes to clear imported products from the port. Account examination of state organizations and Private Enterprises Foundation’s impression of SBRs in Ghana from 1992 to 2008 which additionally matches and reaches out past the time of econometric investigation of SBRs on firm execution affirms the outcomes talked about above. Both state and BAs concede to a move from a transcendently impromptu and casual clientelistic relationship to a progressively formal and synergistic SBRs in Ghana since 1992. Formal and regularized gatherings between state organizations and organizations have decidedly affected on firm efficiency. They finish up for example, PEF’s formal support job and capacity brought about the utilization of GCNET to speed up freeing from imported products. Business worries of firms are diverted all the more regularly through formal by BAs to state offices. Firms through their BAs make contributions to spending plan and other approach on formalized premise. In addition, solid conventional connection between the official and BAs, for example, the speculators warning board have helped firms remain near government and administration. Generally, their discoveries add to understanding that connect between a powerful state business relations and monetary execution. Their paper adds to the work done by Qureshi and te Velde (2007) by exploring the key determinants of firm execution and furthermore surveying the connection between a viable SBR and firm profitability in Ghana. The aftereffects of their investigation stress the requirement for an empowering domain for the private segment. Encounters from East and Southeast Asian economies have additionally demonstrated that venture and efficiency development fundamentally relies on a successful and lively private division supported by a sound speculation atmosphere. Advancing a sound venture atmosphere is one of the center obligations of the state in both created and creating nations to accomplish quick capital gathering and continued development and destitution decrease. Markets are acceptable yet are not without blemishes. In this way, all together for disparities in wages and openings not to be exacerbated by the business sectors, it is significant that the numerous imperatives that restrain the private segment from reacting adequately to advertise motivating forces are evacuated, supplemented with an expanded viability of government association in supporting private segment exercises. Aside from the constructive outcome of SBRs on financial execution, the other exercise which can be drawn from their paper is that despite the fact that progressive governments in Ghana have demonstrated some responsibility to supporting a feasible private division that dedication has, simultaneously, been subverted by governments’ own dread of a solid private area going about as a countervailing power and along these lines debilitating their restraining infrastructure over neo-patrimonialism. Subsequently, the responsibility might be viewed as an advertising scam. A compelling SBR in Ghana requires continued formalized political pledge to strategies that considers the to be division as an impetus and initiator of ace poor development and improvement. In their Introduction, they called attention to various hypothetical models which gives many convincing reasons why viable SBRs would animate monetary development and destitution decrease. Monetary development has been a significant subject of conversation in pretty much every economy for an exceptionally lengthy timespan. Past research has discovered consistent increments in venture and efficiency to be essential to a country’s since a long time ago run financial development and destitution decrease. Encounters from East and Southeast Asian economies have likewise indicated that speculation and efficiency development fundamentally depend on a viable and dynamic private division supported by a sound venture atmosphere. Advancing a sound venture atmosphere is one of the center obligations of the state in both created and creating nations to accomplish fast capital collection and continued development and destitution decrease. The financial change programs presented in many creating nations during the 1980’s focused on the requirement for an auspicious empowering condition for the private division. At first there were exclusive requirements that a bundle of macroeconomic changes (‘getting the costs right’) would give speedy profits as far as monetary development. There has been developing frustration with the development record in many creating nations. Expanded globalization and exchange progression have prompted an acknowledgment of the tremendous potential for the private part yet has likewise prompted an extensive move in the connection between people in general and private segment entertainers. Exactly, the size and job of the private area is plainly advancing with globalization. Some high-development countries have depended on business sectors to dispense assets. Markets, be that as it may, are not without blemishes. Furthermore, all together for disparities in salaries and openings not to be exacerbated by the business sectors, it is significant that the numerous limitations that repress the poor from reacting viably to showcase motivating forces are evacuated. A well-working business sector framework, supported by solid organizations, with sufficient assurance of scholarly and physical property rights, and ‘smart’ intercessions by the state, gives an empowering domain to organizations and people to enhance, contend and make an incentive for all. This exemplifies the fundamental significance of comprehensive development, I. e. , making monetary open doors through manageable development and making the open doors accessible to all including poor people. The connection between the state and business in fashioning monetary development and advancement has been a suffering zone of research for the two financial analysts and political specialists since the Industrial Revolution of the seventeenth Century. Writing and research discoveries have stressed both the positive and negative jobs of the state in advancing markets and financial turns of events. By the mid 1980s, numerous interventionist states had been decided to have bombed in their journey to legitimately advance monetary turn of events. The open part in many states turned out to be large and over the top, while government control of financial exercises was counterproductive as valuing and appropriations supported the urban few. Among creating nations, Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) misallocated assets, disheartened fares and restricted importation or move of much required innovation (Kohli, 2000). Very as opposed to the neo-liberal monetary perspectives held by most universal advancement organizations that state

Mentoring and Leadership Overemphasized Business

Question: Talk about the Mentoring and Leadership for Overemphasized Business. Answer: The significance of tutoring in life can't be overemphasized, and it is obviously that everybody requires a savvy and confided in guide to prepare him, and to build up his possibilities for sometime later. In any case, social, generational, ethnical or sexual differentiations between a coach and a mentee may make obstructions of correspondence, which thus may strongly affect the tutor mentee relationship. I accept that while differentiations of any sort may debilitate the improvement of an ideal connection between a guide and a mentee in the essential level, I accept with the rise of globalization, the annihilation of such qualifications has prompted an increasingly comprehensive, and more extensive standpoint towards the coach mentee connection. A coach is a person who is intended to guide, and advice a less experienced, and less learned individual, and as long as he has the ability to share his insight and thoughts, and a constructive, understanding disposition to help his mentee develop, such socio-social qualifications don't hold any significance. In spite of the fact that the man centric belief system constrains one to accept that men are increasingly able to prepare and build up the abilities of a mentee, I accept that ladies have more prominent instinct, shrewdness and perseverance power, important to sustain the aptitudes of the learner. Despite the fact that, age is a signifi cant factor while coaching understudies, I will not accept that experience can decide the astuteness and profundity of information on a person. On the off chance that a youthful coach is a profoundly qualified master, having essential mastery and aptitudes, I don't accept there is any motivation behind why he will be any less worthy among the mentees than an old guide. Most definitely, I believe that individuals are regularly pre-arranged to imagine that the coach having a place with an alternate race, or culture, may not be capable, or may have an alternate method for conveying information. Be that as it may, it is essential to note here that since a dark head has become a president, or a dark lady like Oprah has achieved distinction short-term, countless individuals have defeated racial and ethnic preference (Morris Grant, 2012). In any case, I concur with Pawanti, on the point that dark tutors can be progressively disposed to support and guide a male mentee, instead of a white one (Thomas et al., 1990). In any case, I don't discover Timogs point pleasing, as I don't feel that closeness of race and ethnicity is a significant factor the mentees watch out in a guide (Rhodes et al., 2014). I have been prepared in correspondence expertise by a dark mama, and we didn't share anything for all intents and purpose undoubtedly, but then I took in a great deal from him, essentially on the grounds that he moved such a great amount of information to me. Race can't decide the degree to which a tutor practices sway on the mentee, as the improvement of their connection exclusively relies upon the information and relational abilities of the coach (Rhodes et al., 2014). I concur with Jeff that in the event of a male coach, the mentee is generally urged to expertly create himself, while a female tutor is normally centered arou nd sustaining the natural estimations of the mentee (Fowler et al., 2007). During my school days, I was being educated by a female instructor, and she was generally such a great amount of concentrated on helping me get familiar with the guiding principle and significant standards, that she normally couldn't assist me with completing my exercises. Reference List: Fowler, J.; Gudmundsson, A. O'Gorman, J. (2007). The Relationship between Mentee-Mentor Gender Combination and the Provision of Distinct Mentoring Functions.Women in Management Review, 22(8), 666-681. DOI: 10.1108/09649420710836335 Morris, Z., Grant, A. (2012). Be a decent mentor.Education for Primary Care,23(1), 56-58. Rhodes, J. E., Schwartz, S. E., Willis, M. M., Wu, M. B. (2014). Approving a Mentoring Relationship Quality Scale: Does Match Strength Predict Match Length?.Youth Society, 0044118X14531604. Thomas, D.A. (1990).Journal of authoritative Behavior. The effect of race on administrators experiencesof formative connections (coaching and sponsorships):An intra authoritative investigation. Recovered from:onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Sample of a Term Paper - the Story

Sample of a Term Paper - the Story It's quite helpful to go through a good example term paper, or two, before you commence writing your own, especially, if they're related or have similar topics. Before beginning writing your introduction, you should discover what you would like your term paper to say. Your thesis needs to be expressed in a manner that may be proven either true or false. It is essential to begin with an interesting and viable thesis. How to Choose Sample of a Term Paper Otherwise, you can elect for samples above in addition to check our tips. Nevertheless, there's no peer review of the internet. You make a different cover page. With our customized essay offer, you can be certain to find any essay help you're looking for. Needless to say, to make a great program, you are going to have to decide on a topic initially and narrow it down not to get overwhelmed with materials out there. Thus, your organizational skills will be required. An excellent news in t he event the instructor assigns a specific topic. The Upside to Sample of a Term Paper You may also check on the characteristic of the greatest topic for term paper to get to understand the sort of professional services that we're speaking about. Finally, your complete satisfaction has become the most important thing. 1 reason you will be searching for a term paper outline sample is to try to save you a bit of moment. If you are able to spare the moment, set your essay aside for a few days. What You Don't Know About Sample of a Term Paper For that reason, it's so important to understand how to make an outline for a term paper because it will act as a framework or draft to rely on. Probably, you're supplied a particular topic for your term paper. Think if it is going to bring you anywhere as you write your term paper. A term paper is vital when it has to do with your final mark. Term Paper is among the most significant writing tasks. Term papers are some of the the most frequent essay types you should take care of. What You Don't Know About Sample of a Term Paper You can also state what kind of approach it is you'll use in your paper for the whole discussion of your topic. Reading through a couple such samples will enable you to comprehend the key guidelines for term paper writing. Our experienced academic writing experts will supply you with quality assured writing help for many of your term paper requirements. You will need to do the research and browse tons of online magazines and articles to generate enough info. Definitions of Sample of a Term Paper Let another person read your essay. The most important thing here is that they ought to be functional and provide you a better knowledge of the way to structure the draft and ultimately the paper itself. The idea is to pick a topic you're good at. After you've already decided what topic you're goin g to be writing about, the following thing you need to pay attention to is the reach of your paper or what you're going to be including in your discussion. By narrowing your thesis to a particular time and place, you've made an argument you'll be able to prove or disprove utilizing the info found in your research. The principal parts should incorporate an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. By comparison, it's the logical results of my previous experiences. Let our experts advise you exactly what point of view is able to help you score the greatest possible grade for the assignment. A polycentric oriented company on the opposite hand will tailor its strategic plan to coincide with the market it operates. To illustrate all the concerns and previously provided comments, you are able to look through some of the most obvious benefits of our company. 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The Developmental Process Of Adolescence - 1674 Words

In the developmental process of adolescence, there are said to be 12 â€Å"labors† in this coming of age experience. Among these are forming a family of friends, separating from childhood, and paying freedom’s price. Growing up in a wartime environment affects the change in adolescents in near drastic measures. You can see these effects with 3 young adults, Ellie Wiessel (author of Night,) Anne Frank (author of The Diary of Anne Frank), and Jeanne Wakutsuki (partial author of Farewell to Manzanar), that complicate their coming of age story. This is due to the added stress and anxiety caused by the war outside their windows, their compromised living conditions with less outside-of-family or positive interactions which speed up and distorted realizations about family and the divine, and the disruption of the natural process of somewhat reckless and wild behavior because of the strict rules and regimens they need to follow. Also, the already amplified self- consciousness i s further magnified because of the extraneous situations with cramped living and monotonous situations, along with the survivors guilt. With the ongoing apprehension of the war outside their window, the unease due to the process of maturation only adds to this fear. On October 29, 1943, Anne confides to Kitty, Outside, you don t hear a single bird, and a deathly, oppressive silence hangs over the house and clings to me as if it were going to drag me into the deepest regions of the underworld.... I wander fromShow MoreRelatedBecoming A New Parent Can Be One Of The Hardest Yet Rewarding1428 Words   |  6 Pagesmost important responsibility that you have. Quickly will you realize that there are endless factors that can affect the psychological development of your children especially at the significant stage of mental human growth and development known as adolescence. Having so many forms of communication, the most popular of these are social media and texting. Now, as humans, if we do too much of anything, it obviously cannot be healthy for us; However, the situation is even more dire because this is suchRead MoreEss ay on Developmental Issues That Come with Emerging Adulthood901 Words   |  4 PagesTopic- Developmental issues that come with emerging adulthood (Transition from adolescence to young adulthood) Adolescence is the transitional period in a persons life time that links childhood and adulthood. The factors that influence development during adolescence include genetic/biological and environmental/social. There are many developmental issues that take place during the transition from an adolescent to a young adult. The issues of emerging adulthood(18-25) are characterized by new experiencesRead MoreAdolescent And Their Concept Of Self1584 Words   |  7 PagesAdolescence is a time when one breaks away from the sheltering they have been accustomed to as a child, and there is a great sense of maturing as they prepare for adulthood. It is during this time, between 12 and 18 years of age, when dynamic changes occur. Adolescents not only experience profound physical change during this period – they also undergo a revolution in the way they think. This essay focuses on the adolescent and their concept of self, with a discussion of the predictable and unpredictableRead MoreAdole scence : Literature Review1463 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescence is a time period when a child is trying to become its own person and eventually an adult. It’s a time period when a lot of changes are occurring. Whether it’s through their education moving from middle school to high school or changes within their brain as they age. Adolescents are going through puberty, hormonal changes and experimenting with different social groups within their society. The culture and the social aspects of a society can shape an adolescent into an adult, whether itRead MoreHuman, Social, And Moral Development1669 Words   |  7 PagesThe most effective prevention programs take a lifespan approach and consider developmental knowledge and theories throughout planning, activity selection, and implementation. While prevention and intervention efforts are important during all stages of life, they are especially important during childhood and adolescence, when risk factors may be more eas ily avoided and protective factors can be established that may last a lifetime (Cohen, ChaÃŒ vez, Chehimi, 2007). Brain, human, social, and moralRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Experiential Learning1481 Words   |  6 PagesIn this childhood developmental study, a comparative analysis of the theories of Lee Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, and Howard Gardner will be evaluated through the lens of experiential learning. Through Vygotsky’s realization of the childhood learning through â€Å"hands-on† experience (experiential learning), the cultural and socioeconomic factors defines the progress a child makes in the individual progression towards growth in the educational system. Piaget beheld similar views on experiential learning inRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : Cognitive And Social Change Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopmental psychology is a branch of the study that characterizes the human life span through physical, cognitive and social change. A human goes through three distinct life span stages, including infancy and childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. The study of developmental psychology focuses on three major issues starting with nature and nurture, which deals with interactions between genetic inheritance and experiences to alter human development (Myers Dewall, 2015). The second issue is theRead MoreAdolescence : Everything Changes? Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesAdolescence: Everything Changes Adolescence is a transitional stage of development that has been defined as starting with puberty and lasting the years a person is roughly aged ten to twenty. Dramatic changes take place during adolescence; no other time period of a person’s life except infancy contains so much development into such a short time span. Puberty has historically been viewed as the starting point of adolescence and several factors play a role in determining the timing of puberty suchRead MoreAdolescence Is A Transitional Period Of Physical And Psychological Development1313 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescence is a transitional period of physical and psychological development, occurring during the period from puberty to adulthood. It is the time that is marked by several vital exploratory developmental experiences including, identity formation, development and growth. During this period adolescents are in the process of furthering social relationships, of finding their place in society, and of makin g important choices for their future lives. While it’s a time for tremendous growth and potentialRead MoreLaub and Sampson’s Age-Graded Theory of Informal Social Control1013 Words   |  5 PagesPlenty of children engage in rough-and-tough play and may be a little mischievous from time to time. As they grow into adolescence, they may start committing crimes and get in trouble with the law, but most of these individuals outgrow their behavior and stop offending. What makes individuals persist or desist from crime? What are the key causal factors and mechanisms that help this behavior desist? An in-depth synthesis of John Laub and Robert Sampson’s theory of age-graded informal social control

How the Negative and Positive Impacts of Love Are Explored...

The negative and positive impacts of love are explored using various main characters in the play ‘Much ado About Nothing’. The play was written by Shakespeare in the Elizabethan era and therefore love was portrayed in a very different way, they would have seen a woman as less important in a relationship; in this era however we have very different views and see both genders as equal. Consequently as the play progresses the Elizabethan audience would relate a lot more to the courtly love that Hero and Claudio comprise. The more unconventional relationship between Beatrice and Benedick may relate more to the relationships in this day and age. The strongest bond of love is between Beatrice and Benedick due to their cerebral relationship, a†¦show more content†¦This idea of being cheated on and experiencing a negative impact of love is similar to an idea the poem ‘Ballad’ when it says ‘He has two hearts and I have none’. Beatrice says Ã¢â‚¬Ë œa double heart for his single one’. Both of these women had their heart stolen by a man that they thought loved them, they gave away their hearts but did not get anything in return; Beatrice now has a bitter attitude towards both Benedick and love in general. She is also however independent enough to fight her own battles. The second semantic field she uses is about war and fighting. First of all she lacks confidence that he was any help in the war, expressed by the quotes: ‘I pray you, how many hath he killed and eaten in theses wars? But how many hath he killed?’ and ‘what is he to a lord?’ These propose that she thinks he is worthless to the Prince and to the war. She mocks him and says ‘he is a very valiant trencherman’ just because he has a strong stomach and can eat anything. She continues to wound him with insults at the masked ball where she says Benedick is ‘the prince’s jester, a very dull fool’. She does n ot want to be seen as less important just because she is a woman, she expresses her views blatantly. An Elizabethan audience would have seen this as very unusual and un-ladylike for a woman, she is not the typical quiet and modest person that she may have been expected to be considering she had an uncle of quite a highShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pageswritten permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to thomsonrights@thomson.com. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10

Muddled Images free essay sample

As I step from the plane, the familiar scent of  ­cigarette smoke and car exhaust washes over me. The smell signifies summers distinct from those spent in America. Here there is no day camp or summer reading; instead there is both familiarity and exoticism, the promise of a new experience every day. Sometime during the 10-hour flight, the straight-cut lines of southwestern Connecticut transformed into the sights I see before me: a place where skyscrapers and pyramids, camels and taxicabs are seamlessly  ­enveloped in the bright-orange sky of the Sahara. I imagine that if someone were to peer inside my mind they would be confronted with an image similar to this one – two distinct worlds blending into one yet somehow retaining a separate and individual character. My hyphenated existence as an Egyptian-American has been an experience, to say the least. I often find myself struggling to fit within the traditional definitions of race and have found that many people wish to define me through labels like black, white, Hispanic, and Asian; replacing my cultural heritage and identity with simple colors and inaccurate descriptions. We will write a custom essay sample on Muddled Images or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Upon discovering my ethnic origins, they ask a barrage of questions on ancient Egyptian culture (which I know nothing about) or the loaded question â€Å"What exactly are you?† The Egyptian race is a mix of African, European, Arab, and Asian influences. Egyptians come in many skin tones, hair textures, eye colors, religions, and political views. I suppose this diversity is why, although I’ve lived in America my entire life, I never fully understood the importance of diversity and its cultural ramifications until I started high school. Unknown to me, I was entering a world of self-segregation – in which there were â€Å"black† and â€Å"white†  ­cafeterias. Individuals were categorized on the basis of whom they associated with. My classmates segregated themselves, disregarding the diversity that surrounded them. It was in this environment that my â€Å"Egyptian-ness† became an asset, enabling me to interact with all of my classmates, not just those who were similar, because in actuality I was similar to no one. Each peer gave me a new vantage point from which to view the world around me. Through these experiences I learned more about myself, and in the process discovered my passion for psychology. In time, I came to see my diversity, and the unrelenting questions that come with it, as a tool with which I could educate. My mind may be muddled with images of exotic and not-so-exotic places, but it offers me a clear and realistic view of the diversity and opportunities to learn in the world. I can only imagine all the interesting people I will meet in college and their reaction when I tell them, â€Å"Yes, I am an Egyptian.†

Black Death Essays - Plague, Second Plague Pandemic, Epidemics

Black Death "The Black Death serves as a major turning point in the history of European civilization." The arrival of both the bubonic and pneumonic plagues threw Europe as a whole into an economic, social, and political tailspin. Europe was already on its collective way down economically due to declining areas of cultivation and the effects of prolonged warfare when, in 1347, the Black Death set upon the Europeans. For the next 100 years, Europeans would have to adapt to an extremely different and difficult lifestyle. The Plague cut through Europe like a giant scythe. Toulouse and the rural areas surrounding Pistoia lost close to two-thirds of their respective populations. Citizens began to seek isolation from each other, trying desperately to avoid infection. Cities were abandoned by their populations who were fleeing to the countryside. Farmers and other rural inhabitants were forced to move because of the vast numbers of people moving away from their cities and towns. With many dead and others not coming to work, crops were not harvested and factories and plants were slowed. Thus prices for everyday items skyrocketed. The Black Death severely accelerated and intensified Europe's depression. The Plague also contributed to many of the citizen uprisings. Common people began to see that the rich and those in power were not exempt from the rules of the Black Death. The Plague could and did attack the papacy. When the common citizens realized the high class and the rulers were dying and suffering just as they were, commoners started insurrections. Lay people all over Europe saw that the rich were not much different from them as they were told to believe. The church was also attacked due to the Black Death. In Rome, the pope decided to move to Avignon because of the turmoil in Central Italy. Many different factions and subcultures developed. Radical religious leaders urged people to go their own way or seek isolation because man is good in nature whereas the church had always preached man is born into sin. Eckhart, Wyclif, and Hus all preached and taught beliefs that were not church sanctioned. Politically Europe was in shambles. Countries fought each other while their citizens fought themselves. France and England were engaged in the Hundred Years' War that was a series of battles that went on from 1337-1453. Germany was in a state of anarchy from 1350 to 1450. The many independent princes of Germany continually fought against each other. England was hit hard at home as well. Of the nine kings that came to power between 1307 and 1485, five died at the hands of conspirators or due to revolts. Also, England's incompetent government helped fan the flames of the War or the Roses between House of Lancaster and the House of York. The Black Plague played a pivotal rule in shaping Europe into its present day state. The Black Death was a setback but it also served as a reminder and experience needed to show human drive and will to live by our own means.

Free Essays on Pros And Cons Of Capitol Punishment

The word "capital" in "capital punishment" refers to a person's head. In the past, people were often executed by severing their head from their body. As of 2000-OCT-19, during the last decade of the 20th century, 547 prisoners were executed in the United States one third of them in Texas. Another 3,500 wait on death rows. None have been executed in Canada; that country abolished the death punishment decades ago. The United States is one of the very few industrialized countries in the world which executes criminals. It is one of the few countries in the world which executes mentally ill persons, persons with very low IQ, and child murderers. When asked whether they prefer to keep or abolish the death penalty, about 60 to 80% of American adults say that they want to retain capital punishment. Numbers vary depending upon the precise wording of the question asked by the pollsters. When asked whether they would like to see executions continue or have them replaced with a system that guaranteed: Life imprisonment with no hope for parole, ever; That the inmate would work in the prison to earn money; That the money would be directed to helping the family of the person(s) that they killed, About 60% of Americans prefer the latter system. The American Civil Liberties Union noted that in the 1960's and 1970's only a bare majority of Americans favored capital punishment. They believe that "mounting fear of crime, and the cynical manipulation of the death penalty issue by many politicians for their own political gain, led to a shift upwards." The death penalty now has broad public support in both the United States and Canada. Surveys in the US and Canada regularly show that a sizable majority of adults are in favor of the death penalty for convicted murderers. Depending upon the exact question asked, 65 to 80% of adults are in favor of ... Free Essays on Pros And Cons Of Capitol Punishment Free Essays on Pros And Cons Of Capitol Punishment The word "capital" in "capital punishment" refers to a person's head. In the past, people were often executed by severing their head from their body. As of 2000-OCT-19, during the last decade of the 20th century, 547 prisoners were executed in the United States one third of them in Texas. Another 3,500 wait on death rows. None have been executed in Canada; that country abolished the death punishment decades ago. The United States is one of the very few industrialized countries in the world which executes criminals. It is one of the few countries in the world which executes mentally ill persons, persons with very low IQ, and child murderers. When asked whether they prefer to keep or abolish the death penalty, about 60 to 80% of American adults say that they want to retain capital punishment. Numbers vary depending upon the precise wording of the question asked by the pollsters. When asked whether they would like to see executions continue or have them replaced with a system that guaranteed: Life imprisonment with no hope for parole, ever; That the inmate would work in the prison to earn money; That the money would be directed to helping the family of the person(s) that they killed, About 60% of Americans prefer the latter system. The American Civil Liberties Union noted that in the 1960's and 1970's only a bare majority of Americans favored capital punishment. They believe that "mounting fear of crime, and the cynical manipulation of the death penalty issue by many politicians for their own political gain, led to a shift upwards." The death penalty now has broad public support in both the United States and Canada. Surveys in the US and Canada regularly show that a sizable majority of adults are in favor of the death penalty for convicted murderers. Depending upon the exact question asked, 65 to 80% of adults are in favor of ...

Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Plagiarism - Essay Example The proper source is needed here for a case if our paraphrasing is not ideal and the sentence or a part of it can be revealed in other sources. Thus, it is necessary to cite this particular source after the paragraph or sentence we take from the writing of others in order not to be accused in plagiarism (Lynch, 2002). The next way is to avoid plagiarism is to use direct quotes. Here we are to use quotation marks â€Å"Socrates is one of best philosophers† (Source + page number). When we use a direct quote that is a copy-pasted material we must use quotation marks and indicate a page number of the source we took this sentence from. The sources must be correct, because if we state that we took this sentence from other source, it will be considered as plagiarism, notwithstanding that it is in quotation marks. If these rules are followed, the accusation of plagiarism may be avoided. Lynch, Jack (2002) The Perfectly Acceptable Practice of Literary Theft: Plagiarism, Copyright, and the Eighteenth Century, in Colonial Williamsburg: The Journal of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation 24, no. 4 (Winter

Effect of YouTube on news media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Effect of YouTube on news media - Essay Example It is true that the new media is to a great extent democratic in its approach; still, there is no denying the fact that the new media is as vulnerable to doubtful news manipulation and sensationalism as the traditional news media. As per the surveys conducted in 2007, YouTube is the most visited website in the world, shadowed by only a few new media giants like Google.com, Yahoo.com and Baidu.com (Christensen, 2007, p. 36). Websites like YouTube have definitely democratized the process of news dissemination in the sense that they allow anyone to upload the news content without being censored, monitored, controlled or manipulated. However, YouTube is as much exposed to being exploited by the unscrupulous sources to broadcast falsified and objectionable content. YouTube amply allows the sources affiliated to unrestrained sensationalism to play with the viewer discretion and emotions. One of the most infamous examples in this context is that of ‘lonelygirl15’, a teenage blogger by the name of Bree, whose video clip revelations about the troubles and tribulations of growing up in modern times attracted gargantuan internet traffic of more than 37 million viewers on YouTube (Christensen, 2007, p. 37). To begin with the phenomenon signified the power of the new media, allowing a teenager with a webcam and a computer, sans media background being able to make millions of people around the world listen to what she had to say (Christensen, 2007, p. 37). However, it was in 2006 it was revealed that ‘lonelygirl15’ was the creation of two California based filmmakers (Christensen, 2007, p. 37). The final word was that though the falsity of the ‘lonelygirl15’ was revealed, the video clippings had astonishingly succe eded in creating a huge fan following for the internet celebrity, which could have been practically translated into favorable business ventures and endeavors. Thus YouTube has conclusively democratized the news media, yet

Family Health Assessment Essay Example for Free

Family Health Assessment Essay The emphasis of Gordon’s functional health patterns concentrates on 11 categories which include: health perception/management, nutritional/metabolic, elimination, activity/exercise, cognitive/perceptual, sleep/rest, self perception/self concept, role/relationship, sexuality/reproductive, coping/stress tolerance, and value/beliefs (Nursing Planet, 2013). These series of questions are effective when accumulating data that can be interpreted and diagnoses can be applied for actual, as well as potential issues. Issues are identified, decisions on interventions, education, and promotion of a realistic, as well as a practical lifestyle (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014) can be chosen. Discussion in detail of the interview from the Gouker family assessment follows. They have six daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Gouker have been married for 40 years. Utilizing the 11 functional health patterns by Gordon, a family assessment was completed on the Gouker family. The emphasis of health perception/promotion centers on the individuals’ impression of their wellness and how they govern their health (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014). Due to their age, the Gouker family’s health perception presently revolves around their yearly health examinations and eating healthy. Mr. Gouker is 74 years old and Mrs. Gouker is 68. Mr. Gouker (personal communication, March 11, 2014) revealed that only after having experienced weakness did he begin having annual examinations, as he had been healthy his entire life. Mr. Gouker does not take any prescribed medications. Mrs. Gouker participates in yearly examinations and currently has blood work completed every six months due to her chronic diabetes mellitus. Mrs. Gouker (personal communication, March 11, 2014) currently takes daily medications for this condition. Since Mrs. Gouker (personal communication, March 11, 2014) shops for the family, she stated that they only consume chicken and fish, which is broiled, and scarcely eats beef or pork. She also prepares vegetables with the evening meal. Snacks consist of fresh fruits. The primary meal is dinner, which is eaten together. Mr. Gouker (personal communication, March 11, 2014) states that breakfast consists of coffee and rarely has time for lunchtime. Mrs. Gouker (personal communication, March 11, 2014) eats breakfast daily which consists of coffee and toast, whereas lunch consists of a salad. Mrs. Gouker has scheduled dentist visits every six months, whereas Mr. Gouker only schedules dental visits every year. According to Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle (2014), elimination pivots around the expulsion of contents in the bowel and bladder, but also includes the skin. Both Mr. and Mrs. Gouker prefer to drink water and they frequently urinate. Mr. Gouker (personal communication, March 21, 2014) states, that he has multiple bowel movements daily, whereas Mrs. Gouker has daily bowel movements. Mr. and Mrs. Gouker bathe daily. As stated by Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle (2014), activity and exercise concentrates on the patterns pertaining to activity, exercise, recreation, and leisure. Mrs. Gouker is retired and Mr. Gouker owns a business. Mrs. Gouker utilizes the treadmill for walking. Leisure and recreational activities include yearly travel, and attending professional sporting events. The main focus of cognitive and perceptions are patterns seen in regards to cognition, perception, and the senses (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014). Mr. Gouker has an Associate’s degree in business administration, whereas Mrs. Gouker graduated high school. When expressing his views on pain management, Mr. Gouker (personal communication, March 11, 2014) stated he rarely experiences pain, but if the situation arises he will take an Aleve. Mrs. Gouker (personal communication, March 11, 2014) expressed that she only takes Aleve for pain or discomfort. Mrs. Gouker finds satisfaction in reading and completing crossword puzzles, whereas Mr. Gouker manages the business. The main concept of sleep and rest centers on patterns which give priority to sleep, rest, and relaxation (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014). Mr. Gouker sleeps four to seven hours per night while Mrs. Gouker sleeps seven to eight hours per night. Both Mr. and Mrs. Gouker (personal communication, March 11, 2014) state they unwind by watching their favorite television programs or sitting in their rocking chairs on the porch. According to Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle (2014), the focal point of self perception and self concept is on the persons’ viewpoint of themselves which correlate to their self esteem, their self worth, and body appearance. Mr. Gouker (personal communication, March 11, 2014) believes that he can accomplish anything he so chooses. He believes that whether a person is a success or failure depends upon your state of mind. Mrs. Gouker perceives herself as a kindhearted woman and views herself as a genuine individual who is helpful to those around her. With regards to body image, Mr. Gouker stands five foot nine inches tall and weighs 175 lbs and is aware that he is overweight. Mrs. Gouker is five foot four inches tall and weighs 182 pounds and perceives herself as slovenly. The focal point of the role and relationship patterns centers on the persons role in the family and the relationship they have with the other family members (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014). Mrs. Gouker cherishes being a mother and wife. Mr. Gouker (personal communication, March 11, 2014) states that he is blessed. He loves being a father and provider to all his children. Both Mrs. and Mrs. Gouker are content with their personal relationships with family and friends. According to Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle (2014), the patterns of sexuality and reproduction center on the individuals’ satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their sexual style. Mrs. Gouker was modest when speaking of their sexual relationship, yet Mr. Gouker was open. Both parties are content with their sexual relationship and have no complaints concerning sex. The focus of coping and stress tolerance pertains to how the individual detects stress and the techniques utilized when encountering stressful events (Edelman, Zudzma Mandl, 2014). This family has always used communication skills to rectify any problems. Prayer is utilized and their faith that God’s guidance assists them. Edelman, Zudzma Mandle (2014) noted that patterns in relation to values and beliefs focus on spiritual beliefs, values, and goals that direct those choices. The Gouker’s are Lutheran and attend services weekly. Upon interview completion of the Gouker family, two wellness and family diagnoses are: Both are at risk for imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements since their individual body mass index (BMI) both exceed 20 percent. Both Mr. and Mrs. Gouker are at risk for body images disturbance. Education for the Gouker’s included the impact of exercise and how this will decrease their body mass index. It is evident that nurses impact the lives of those being cared for regardless of the setting. Education is instrumental is assisting patients and their families to make positive changes in promoting a healthier lifestyle. References Edelman, C. , Kudzma, C. Mandle, C. L. (2014). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span (8 ed. ). : VitalSource Bookshelf. Nursing Plant. (2013). Functional Health Patterns. Retrieved March 11, 2014 from www. nursingplanet. com/theory/functional_health_patterns. html Appendix 1)Health prevention and health management. a. How do you feel about keeping your regular doctor visits? b. What, as an individual, do you do to support your health? 2)Nutritional and metabolic a. Regarding your dental needs, what are your oral habits? b. What are your nutritional practices like in general? c. What sort of foods do you consistently eat? 3)Elimination a. How do you manage your bladder and bowel habits? b. What do you do to take care of your skin? 4)Activity and exercise a. How do you spend your time off from work? b. When participating in leisure interests, how many hours do you devote on a weekly basis? c. What do you do for getaways? 5)Cognitive and perceptual a. How do you manage pain? b. What exercises do you do participate in to improve your memory? 6)Sleep and rest a. As an individual, how do you relax? b. On average, how many hours do you sleep at night and what are your sleeping patterns like? 7 )Self perception and self concept a. What is your prospective on your self image today? . In regards to your body image, how do you view your body image? 8)Role and relationships a. As an individual within your family, what is your position in the family? b. In your current position within your family, what makes you satisfied or dissatisfied? 9)Sexual and reproduction a. With your current sexual relationship, are both individuals satisfied or unsatisfied? 10) Coping and stress tolerance a. How do you handle stress? b. When managing situations that are stressful, what do you do? 11)Value and beliefs a. What is your religious denomination? b. In regards to your religion, what guides you towards your goals?

Comparative Analysis of Australian Aboriginals, Torres Strait Islanders, and the First Nations of Canada :: Equality Health Human Development Essays

Comparative Analysis of Australian Aboriginals, Torres Strait Islanders, and the First Nations of Canada INTRODUCTION Equality in health implies that ideally everyone should have a fair opportunity to attain his or her full health potential and, more reasonably, that no one should be disadvantaged from achieving this potential. Based on this definition, the aim of policy for equity and health is not to eliminate all health differences so that everyone has the same level and quality of health, but rather to reduce or eliminate those which result from factors which are considered to be avoidable and unfair. To appreciate the importance of striving for equity in relation to health, it is necessary to be aware of just how extensive are the differences in health found in the world today. In every part of the region, and in every type of political and social system, differences in health have been noted between different social groups and between different geographical areas in the same country (Whitehead 2000). There is consistent evidence that inequalities in health result in disadvantaged groups having poorer survival chances, suffering a heavier burden of illness, and sharing a similar pattern of low quality of life The poor health of the Australian Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders is well known. Since the 1970s, mortality rates have been declining, but life expectancy has not changed and the gap between the Aboriginal population and the total Australian population has widened. This pattern contrasts with that of the Indigenous population of Canada where marked improvements in health have occurred. From that standpoint, this paper will discuss the important issues of health care inequalities that exist with the Aboriginals in Australia and compare them to those which subsist in the First Nations of Canada. POPULATION OF AUSTRALIA Australians have among the highest life expectancy in the world and most have ready access to comprehensive health care of high quality. In the 1995 National Health Survey, 83% of Australians aged 15 or over reported their overall health as excellent, very good or good (ABS 1997). The average life expectancy in 2000 was high for both men and women being 76 years and 82 years respectively. In terms of disability-adjusted life expectancy (DALE), Australia ranks in 2nd place after 191 countries (WHO 2000). In 1998, males at birth could expect to live for 63.3 years without experiencing major disability and women could live for 57.

Qatar’s Struggle to Reduce Traffic Accidents

QATAR’S STRUGGLE TO REDUCE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS Submitted To: Dr. Michael Long Date: January 25, 2006 Date: Sunday, January 25, 2006 To:Dr. Michael Long Instructor CM 2300: Report Writing Subject: Formal Report on Traffic Accidents in Qatar I am submitting the attached report, entitled Qatar’s Struggle to Reduce Traffic Accidents, in accordance with the requirements for the CM2300 Report Writing course. The report covers background material concerning traffic accidents and its implications for society. Traffic accidents are considered one of the most important reasons of death in the Gulf.This paper examines possible practical approaches Qatar may consider, or is considering, in efforts to reduce the increasing number of traffic accidents. This paper discusses various aspects of public transportation problems in Doha, Qatar, and presents a proposal for reducing the risks, as well as penalizing drivers who are consistently involved in accidents. Research for this assignment was completed largely through the use of Internet where government publications and newspaper articles were easily accessible. Sincerely, TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. 1 Thesis Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 1. 2 Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 1. 2. 1 Road Traffic Accidents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 1. 2. 2 Fatality Rates†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 1. 2. 3 Traffic Congestion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12 2. 0 Causes. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 2. 1 Construction Boom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 2. 2 Careless Driving†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 2. 3 Stress†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 3. 0 Effects†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 16 3. 1 Increased Insurance Rates†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 3. 2 Increased Fatality Rates†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 4. 0 Problems of Reducing Traffic Accidents †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. 17 5. 0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18 5. 1 Future Plans from the Government†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 5. 2 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦21 6. 0 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦23 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1: Graph†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Figure 2: Graph†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Figure 3: G raph†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Figure 4: Table†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Figure 5: Road Accident†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Figure 6: Installation of Radar†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 Figure 7: Installed Radar†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦. 20 SUMMARY The purpose of this report is to identify the reasons why traffic accidents are so high in this region of the world, and to determine the possible impact that they can have on society and humanity. This report discusses the causes and effects of traffic accidents in Qatar and discusses possible solutions to minimize them. After examining specific data, it is evident that traffic accidents account for the most number of deaths in Qatar. They continue to rise and pose a threat to society.In order for Qatar to reduce this menace, the following recommendations have been suggested: (1) Public education and awareness, (2) Dedicated traffic controlling systems, (3) Penalizing drivers who are consistently involved in accidents, (4) Installation of radars throughout the major highways in Qatar, and (5) Increasing the fees on fines for breaking the traffic law INTRODUCTION Traffic accidents are not only a serious problem in Qatar, but all over the world. Countries in the Wes tern Europe, North America and the Middle East have acknowledged the fact that road accidents are a major cause of death and injury.While some people think that traffic accidents are not a serious problem today, consider these statistics. In 2002, while the death rate in Qatar due to cancer was only 10. 6%, the mortality rate due to traffic accidents stood at a whopping 40%, according to Ministry of Public Health statistics. (Al Binali, 2004). I was shocked when I discovered that in Great Britain, over ? 1 billion is spent each year on a wide range of road safety measures. (Jacobs, 1986) 1. 1 THESIS STATEMENT High construction activity, poor driver education, inefficient policing, and the roundabout system are the causes of Doha’s soaring accident problems.Without a proper traffic management system in place, traffic accidents will continue to rise in Qatar. 1. 2 BACKGROUND The following three sections provide background information on traffic accidents, beginning with the his tory of road traffic accidents and fatality rates, followed by how traffic congestion is increasing the problem. 1. 2. 1 ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are increasingly being recognized as a threat to society and the people of Qatar. Qatar, which drives most of it economy on oil, has a very high amount of vehicles on its roads.Due to the construction boom, there has been a high influx of immigrants and workers, resulting in an increase in vehicle numbers, accompanied by regularly expanding road constructions. Previous studies have shown that fatality rates in Qatar are much higher than in the developing countries. The number of accident casualties in Qatar has risen to 40,000 per annum, which is a 17% increase in the number of casualties for 2004 compared to those of 2003; 90% of such casualties are linked to road traffic accidents. (Al Musleh, 2005). Let’s take a look at a case.On March 20, 2003, Sugathadasa Atapattu, 56, was taking a stroll after dinne r in downtown Doha when he was knocked down by a speeding vehicle. Atapattu was taken to hospital where he lay unconscious for three months. He regained consciousness later but remained bed-ridden and lost his speech. His son came here and took him back home late last year after he spent about eight months in the hospital. At home too, he remains bed-ridden. (Pandit, 2004) You can imagine the impact on Atapattu’s life just because of one uneducated careless driver. Atapattu might be bed-ridden all his life, for no mistake of his own.He was just taking a walk and got hit. What did he do to cause this accident? Nothing, but he still has to bear the consequences all his life. 1. 2. 2 FATALITY RATES Figure 1 shows the fatality rates per 10,000 vehicles licensed. As you can observe, developing countries such as Ethiopia, Nigeria and Kenya have the highest fatality rates. Qatar approximately has a fatality rate of 20 per 10000 vehicles Figure 2 uses an alternative approach and show s the fatality rates per 10,000 persons. Using this measure of death rate, a completely different order of ranking is obtained.As you can clearly observe, Qatar is on the top of the order of ranking. Poor countries such as Ethiopia, India, Niger and Pakistan now appear at the bottom of the order of ranking. Figure 3 shows the relationship between fatality rate (per 10000 vehicles) and vehicle ownership in developed and developing countries. It is clearly observed that as the number of vehicles increase, the number of fatalities decrease. This is a very converse scenario to what one would think. One would think that as number of vehicles increase, number of fatalities should increase.But, this is not the case because we forget to take into fact the population increase of cars and its relation to the number of accidents. As the population of cars increases, the risk of accidents decreases because there is no space for a driver to drive fast and cause accidents. Therefore, number of fa talities decrease, as observed. http://www. transport-links. org/transport_links/filearea/publications/1_603_PA1164_1986. pdf http://www. transport-links. org/transport_links/filearea/publications/1_603_PA1164_1986. pdf http://www. transport-links. rg/transport_links/filearea/publications/1_603_PA1164_1986. pdf http://www. psychology. nottingham. ac. uk/staff/dec/references/Bener(2005)%20-%20 Advances%20in%20TranStudies. pdf Figure 4 shows a comparison of road accident fatalities in 2 developed countries UK and USA; and 2 developing countries UAE and Qatar, in the year 2000. The table lays out the number of motor vehicle deaths and the number of cars in each country. It also shows the death rates per 100,000 population and per 100,000 vehicles. Qatar has the second highest fatality rates after the UAE.But both developing countries have generally higher death rates than the developed countries. 1. 2. 3 TRAFFIC CONGESTION Road conditions are generally better in most Gulf states than o ther developing countries, but dangerous driving is common especially on highways. As a result, fatality rates due to traffic accidents are much higher here than other developing countries when compared with vehicle ownership. Most families in the more developed countries own their own car. The car gives people greater mobility and improves their access to places where they work, shop, are educated or find recreation.However, it is the widespread use of the car that is increasing traffic congestion in most cities. It is one of the most serious transport issues relating to cities all over the world. It is a recent problem in Doha but is much less worse than traffic problems in cities like Tokyo or Beijing. Insufficient transport systems and natural increase have made Qatar’s traffic problems one of the worst in the Gulf. Roads have been built long back, at a time when population was very low. As population is increasing, roads are becoming less capable to contain high amount o f cars.They are not designed for the volume of traffic today. Accidents and traffic jams are very often seen on roundabouts and traffic lights (See Figure 5). Figure 5: A photograph of an accident at the Toyota junction. [pic] http://www. gulf-times. com CAUSES The following three sections provide detailed information about some causes of traffic accidents. 2. 1 CONSTRUCTION BOOM The construction boom in Qatar has led to many problems in the traffic scenario of Qatar. Regular road blocks and diversions are seen everywhere, resulting in traffic snarls. When a road is blocked, all cars are diverted to another road.That road may not be able to cope up with such a high number of cars. Sometimes, cars are filled on roads from one junction to another, blocking routes for other cars on the junction. This results in absolute mayhem and chaos. Everyone wants to reach office or drop their kids to school on time. So, they take upon themselves, to swerve through traffic as they deem correct. Th ey enter roads which have no entry signs, they cut through traffic by driving in the parking lanes or they drive on the footpaths. This causes major traffic accidents where most of the time more than one car is involved.I have seen 3 accidents at the same time, on just 1 stretch of road, which led to staggeringly high amount of traffic. Basically, one thing leads to another. 2. 2 CARELESS DRIVING Careless driving is identified as the most important factor in traffic accidents, accounting for over 35% of all incidents, while excessive speed is known as the second most common cause. (Bener, 2005). People who drive carelessly and don’t abide by the traffic laws are a nuisance on the roads. They don’t stop on traffic lights, pedestrian crossings or on road stop signs. They constantly change lanes and confuse others as well as themselves.This causes confusion to others and they might bang their car into another. 2. 3 STRESS Everyone is stressed in life. If someone has finan cial problems, another has family problems. A husband has just had a fight with his wife or a youngster has just broken up with his girlfriend. A parent is under stress to get his child to school on time. In all these situations, the driver is driving under so much stress that he cannot give full concentration on the road. I would like to include here an example about myself. Recently, my father died an untimely death due to a cardiac arrest. days after this incident, I went out to buy some grocery nearby and I had a terrible accident. I hit a car and injured the other driver. I recall no memory of seeing that car or of the accident. All I know is that I hit a car. This was all due to the stress and tension I was under. I was so stressed about the problems in my life that I wasn’t concentrating on the road at all; therefore I didn’t notice this car approaching me and hit it head-on. There are several cases out there like these, where stress overcomes the driver and the y lose control of the situation. It is known as one of the major causes of accidents in recent times.Stress accounts for an estimated 12. 8m lost working days a year in Britain and costs businesses at least $4bn. It is difficult to measure how much of this can be put down to commuting, but in one study 44% of drivers named rush-hour traffic as the most stressful aspect of their lives. (Hall, 2006) EFFECTS 3. 1 INCREASED INSURANCE RATES A whole lot of insurance companies have increased their insurance rates and the amount of paperwork, due to the alarming rise in the number of accidents. Some insurance companies even had to shut down some of their branches, because they couldn’t bear the losses.The money an insurance provider has to dole out in claims for death and injuries as well as vehicle repairs in accidents run into millions of riyals. One such insurance provider said it lost QR2. 2m in the first half of 2005 due to compensation given in cases of accident-related deaths and injuries. (, 2005). So, just because of mistakes of others, innocent drivers have to face higher insurance rates. 3. 2 INCREASED FATALITY RATES Statistics suggest there were 840 road accidents in January 2003 with the number going up to 1,173 in January this year.In February 2003, road accidents totalled 675 but in February 2005, the figure reached 1,086. (, 2005). As the number of accidents is rising, the number of fatalities is rising also. Many people are dying because of traffic accidents. Some die due to mistakes of others too. A speeding car may hit a pedestrian and kill them for no mistake of their own. In 2004, 165 people died in road accidents with 79 per cent of the victims being in the age group of 11- 40 and 35 per cent being pedestrians. In 2005, 125 people were killed on the roads. (Bibbo, 2005) PROBLEMS OF REDUCING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTSProblems of reducing traffic accidents are many. Firstly, youngsters between the age group of 16-24 have a tendency to drive very fast . It is an ego problem. They think they have to drive fast to look cool and show off. I can say this because it partly relates to me. No matter how much they are taught, they will continue to drive fast. Even though public awareness is apparent, it is not enough, because they do not truly realize the consequences. Even if they are involved in an accident, they shrug it off as a mistake from the past and continue doing the same, until an accident does not take their life.Only if they can practically see the effect of some horrible accidents, and only if they themselves go through a rough time, then they will realize what their actions can do to society. Secondly, punishments are not enough. There are only meagre fines on breaking the traffic law. Other than that, there are no other punishments given to troublesome drivers. That’s why no one understands the problem because for them it is not a problem at all. No one goes around killing people because they know the punishment fo r murder is death. Therefore, if punishments are increased for breaking traffic rules, then they will realize it as a problem hey should not cause and will become cautious drivers. Lastly, fines are too low. There is only a meagre fine of QR200 on breaking the speed limit. Local Qataris are very rich and they get off by paying small fines. Paying money is not a big deal for them. You can see cars with 10 fine stickers on them, because they don’t care. They can either pay it off from their large bank accounts, or call their friends in the traffic police and get the fines cancelled. CONCLUSION No matter how much one tries to avoid an accident, it is evident that when an accident has to happen, it will happen.If one knew that an accident is going to take place then surely one would avoid it. But, what is in our hands is our safety. We can not avoid accidents but at least we can make sure that we are properly prepared for the situation. 5. 1 FUTURE PLANS FROM THE GOVERNMENT The M inistry has said that Qatar plans to spend over QR1bn over the next three years for the expansion and improvement of its road network, keeping in the view the rapid pace of urbanisation and population growth. Their main concern will be on replacing all major roundabouts in and outside Doha with modern traffic junctions.Tenders for the TV, Midmac, Al Ahli and Passport roundabouts have been released around 3 years ago and work has already started on some and some are already finished. I think this is appropriate because all the above roundabouts are the very congested roundabouts of Doha. Only congested roundabouts should be changed into traffic junctions because it costs a lot of money to change a roundabout into a traffic signal. Previously announced plans of constructing five flyovers and interchange overpasses in and around Doha to cope with increasing volumes of traffic by the start of the new millennium are underway.There are five interchange overpasses in Qatar at present. New radar systems are also being installed to catch drivers jumping traffic lights or speeding (See Figures 6 & 7). Plans are afoot to install 101 radars and cameras all over Qatar to check traffic violations and accidents. 53 mobile radar cabins and 48 cameras are to be installed at traffic signals over the next six months, which would go a long way in ensuring road safety. (Al Malki, 2005) Figure 6: This is a photograph of traffic policemen setting up radar surveillance equipment by the side of roads in Doha. [pic] http://www. ulf-times. com Figure 7: This is a new radar camera installed to detect those who jump traffic lights at the Ramada junction in Doha. [pic] http://www. gulf-times. com Several amendments to the traffic law will now impose stiffer penalties including jail terms on unscrupulous motorists. Violators of the traffic rules will face fines from QR6,000 up to QR12,000 and jail terms between one and six months. Driving without a valid number plate, without a licence or e ngaging in racing and jumping traffic signals, will also be considered serious violations which will carry a fine.The measures are the last in a number of initiatives by governmental bodies that aim to curb the death toll on the road. (Bibbo, 2005) The law prescribes a fine of QR200 for a motorist using a mobile phone while driving. A hands-free set can, however, be used. A similar fine is to be imposed on motorists watching TV while driving. People making children under 10 years of age sit in the front of a vehicle are to be fined QR200 too. (Al Dosri, 2005) 5. 2 RECOMMENDATIONS A fully computerized traffic control system needs to be put in place; a system which automatically notes out drivers that are a danger to society.Radars have to be put in place, not only on signals, but also on roads, to catch drivers driving above speed limits. Any driver caught 3 times on radar should have his license revoked for a temporary period. Drivers who are often a cause of accidents should be bla cklisted and monitored. These are some ways accidents can be reduced. Wearing a seat belt while driving, concentrating totally on driving and nothing else, and following all driving regulations will ensure our safety. In any case of an accident, police and medical authorities have to be prepared also.We can ensure this by following few of these ideas: 1. Training police and medical staff in first aid and handling traffic injuries. 2. Equipping ambulances with state-of-the-art equipment. 3. Improving hospital emergency rooms and facilities 4. Training medical staff to handle injuries at a crash site as well as in hospitals 5. Improving coordination between police, emergency response teams and medical services Movement of heavy duty vehicles should be restricted on the roads to minimize traffic accidents. The traffic police have advanced the morning peak hours by half an hour to start from 6am, instead of 6. 0am now. The morning peak hours would be from 6am to 8am, and in the afternoo n from 12. 30pm to 2pm, same as now. During the peak hours, movement of heavy-duty vehicles and machinery will be banned from city roads. (Marafia, 2004) This will come as a benefit to office-going public and schoolchildren. REFERENCES Al Binali, D. H. (2004). Roads take higher toll than cancer: Minister. The Peninsula. Retrieved Jan 02, 2006, from http://www. thepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_news. asp? section=local_news&month=june2004&file=local_news2004062023618. xml Jacobs, G. D. (1986, Jul 14).Road accident fatality rates. Retrieved Dec 24, 2005, from http://www. transport-links. org/transport_links/filearea/publications/1_603_ PA1164_1986. pdf Al Musleh, D. A. (2005). Road traffic accidents, second killer after cardiovascular disease. Retrieved Dec. 26, 2005, from http://www. hmc. org. qa/enews. asp? id=216 Pandit, M. (2004). Lankan accident victim gets QR562,000 in damages . The Peninsula. Retrieved Jan 06, 2006, from http://www. thepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_ news. asp? secti on=local_news&month=july2004&file=local_news20040712325 29. xml Bener, A. & Crundall, D. (2005, Apr 15).Road traffic accidents in the UAE compared to western countries. Advances in Transportation Studies, Retrieved Jan 20, 2006, from http://www. psychology. nottingham. ac. uk/staff/dec/references/Bener (2005)%20-%20Advances%20in%20TranStudies. pdf Insurance firms shut down branches at QTIC premises. (2005). The Peninsula. Retrieved Dec 16, 2005, from http://www. thepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_news. asp? section=local_news&month=september2005&file=local_news2005090421520. xml Al Malki, C. M. (2005). More radars to detect traffic violations. The Peninsula. Retrieved Dec 18, 2005, from http://www. hepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_news. asp? section=local_news&month=march2005&file=local_news2005031525951. xml Bibbo, B. (2005). Qatar includes jail terms in amendments to traffic law. Gulf News. Retrieved Jan 08, 2006, from http://archive. gulfnews. com/articles/05/09/20/182668. html Hall, T. (2006). How not to drive yourself mad. The Weekend, p. 61. Al Dosri, B. (2005). New traffic rules come into force. The Peninsula. Retrieved Jan 23, 2006, from http://www. thepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_news. asp? section=Local_News&subsection=Qatar+News&month=October2005&file=Local_News2005102633414. xml [pic][pic][pic]

About the Congressional Reform Act

The Congressional Reform Act, to many critics of the system, sounds good on paper. The purported legislation would place term limits on members of the ​U.S. House of Representatives and Senate, and strip lawmakers of their public pensions. If it sounds too good to be true, thats because it is. The Congressional Reform Act is a work of fiction, a sort of angry taxpayers manifesto that went viral on the Web and continues to be forwarded and forwarded again, with little regard for facts. Thats right. No member of Congress has introduced such a bill - and none would, given the widely circulated emails numerous half-truths and bogus claims. So if youre wondering when the Congressional Reform Act will pass the House and Senate, heres a little tip: It wont. The Text of Congressional Reform Act Email Here is one version of the Congressional Reform Act email: Subject: Congressional Reform Act of 2011 The 26th amendment (granting the right to vote for 18 year-olds) took only 3 months 8 days to be ratified! Why? Simple! The people demanded it. That was in 1971†¦before computers, before e- mail, before cell phones, etc. Of the 27 amendments to the Constitution, seven (7) took 1 year or less to become the law of the land†¦all because of public pressure. Im asking each addressee to forward this email to a minimum of twenty people on their address list; in turn ask each of those to do likewise. In three days, most people in The United States of America will have the message. This is one idea that really should be passed around. Congressional Reform Act of 2011 Term Limits. 12 years only, one of the possible options below.A. Two Six-year Senate termsB. Six Two-year House termsC. One Six-year Senate term and three Two-Year House termsNo Tenure / No Pension.A Congressman collects a salary while in office and receives no pay when they are out of office.Congress (past, present future) participates in Social Security.All funds in the Congressional retirement fund move to the Social Security system immediately. All future funds flow into the Social Security system, and Congress participates with the American people.Congress can purchase their own retirement plan, just as all Americans do.Congress will no longer vote themselves a pay raise. Congressional pay will rise by the lower of CPI or 3%.Congress loses their current health care system and participates in the same health care system as the American people.Congress must equally abide by all laws they impose on the American people.All contracts with past and present Congressmen are void effect ive 1/1/12. The American people did not make this contract with Congressmen. Congressmen made all these contracts for themselves. Serving in Congress is an honor, not a career. The Founding Fathers envisioned citizen legislators, so ours should serve their term(s), then go home and back to work. If each person contacts a minimum of twenty people then it will only take three days for most people (in the U.S.) to receive the message. Maybe it is time. THIS IS HOW YOU FIX CONGRESS!!!!! If you agree with the above, pass it on. If not, just delete You are one of my 20. Please keep it going. Mistakes in Congressional Reform Act Email There are numerous errors in the Congressional Reform Act email. Lets start with the most obvious one - the incorrect assumption that members of Congress dont pay into the Social Security system. They are required to pay social security payroll taxes under federal law. Also see: Salaries and Benefits of U.S. Congress Members That wasnt always the case, though. Before 1984 members of Congress did not pay into Social Security. But they also were not eligible to claim Social Security benefits. At the time they participated in what was called the Civil Service Retirement System. The 1983 amendments to the Social Security Act all members of Congress to participate in Social Security as of Jan. 1, 1984, regardless of when they first entered Congress. Other Errors in Congressional Reform Act Email As far as pay raises, cost-of-living adjustments tied to inflation - such as the Congressional Reform Act email suggests - take effect annually unless Congress votes to not accept it. Members of Congress do not vote themselves pay raises, as the email suggests. There are other problems with the Congressional Reform Act email, including the claim that all Americans buy their own retirement plans. Studies show that most full-time workers actually participate in an employer-sponsored retirement plan. Members of Congress get retirement benefits under the same plans available to other federal employees. Meantime, members of Congress already are subject to the same laws the rest of us are, despite claims to the contrary by the Congressional Reform Act email. But lets not quibble over details. The point is: The Congressional Reform Act isnt a real piece of legislation. Even if it were, what are the chances members of Congress would vote to eliminate perks and jeopardize their own job security? But Why Not Term Limits for Congress? Despite the totally mythical nature of the Congressional Reform Act, the very real question of term limits for Congress has been debated for years. If the President of the United States is limited to two terms, why should the terms of senators and representatives not be similarly limited? Proponents argue that term limits would prevent the constant politicking, fundraising, and campaigning for re-election that seems to consume so much of Congress members’ time today, especially in the case of representatives who most run for re-election every two years. Those who oppose term limits, and there are several, say that in America’s democratic republic, elections themselves act as term limits. And, in fact, members of the House and Senate are required to face their local constituents every two years or every six years and re-apply for their jobs. If the people are unhappy with them, they can literally â€Å"toss the rascals out.† Along those same lines, term limit opponents point out that while the president serves all of the people, members of Congress serve only the residents of their states or local congressional districts. Thus, the interaction between members of Congress and their constituents is far more direct and personal in nature. Term limits, they argue, would arbitrarily negate the power of the voters to retain lawmakers they consider effective in representing them. Updated by Robert Longley